In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosh found evidence that livestock foot-and-mouth disease was caused by an infectious particle, smaller than a bacterium; which was the first clue to viruses. Viruses are acellular, meaning lacking a cell wall. Some viruses have a protein coat or “capsid”, some have a membrane on the surface, and some are enclosed in an envelope of fat and protein molecules, which protect the virus from the immune system. (Covid-19 is enclosed in fat and protein molecules.)
Viruses only exist for a limited time, outside a host cell. Viruses replicate inside a host cell, using the energy of the host cells, including in immune cells. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and parasites; thus, can attach and become a bacteriophage to chlamydia and parasites, hiding from the immune system and facilitating internal spread. In “THE INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASES, Defining the Relationship and Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects”, the authors proposed that when a patient is previously infected with immortal viruses, new immortal infections such as chlamydia may trigger chronic disease. We propose the reverse is also true—when patients are previously infected with chlamydia and parasites, viral infections may trigger severe and/or chronic disease.
Studies are in progress to determine the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine and Zithromax, in covid-19 patients. The combination may be effective because it treats host pathogens and/or parasites; and allows anti-viral drugs and the immune system to more effectively reach and attack the virus. If true, testing covid-19 patients for underlying chronic infections, and using targeted drug combinations against the pathogens in the patient, could open additional alternatives for treatment.