The prevalence of multiple sclerosis has been increasing; yet, no definitive test is available which proves the diagnosis of MS. Autoimmune disease in which the body attacks itself is an unprovable assumption—the immune system attacks pathogens. Pathogens and the immune system attack on the pathogens generate debris and trigger inflammation. Many pathogens have been associated with the development or exacerbation of MS, including bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae); Staphylococcus aureus-produced enterotoxins; viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus, cytomegaly virus); and…..
Koalas are thought to be a source of the original spillover of chlamydia pneumonia to humans; and are known to be heavily infected with immortal intracellular pathogens, including chlamydia pneumonia and chlamydia pecorum. The infectious burden in koalas is damaging fertility, limiting lifespan, and threatening koalas with extinction. Tasmanian devils are similarly heavily infected with immortal intracellular pathogens, and similarly threatened with extinction. When Tasmanian devils bite each other, during courting or battle, the animals can transmit an aggressive form…..
Unfortunately infectious causes of chronic disease have been ignored and dismissed. Treatment may be denied in the acute phase of immortal infections in the name of protecting against antibiotic resistance, and by the time a chronic disease occurs the acute disease has long been forgotten. To prevent antibiotic resistance the best way is to reduce antibiotics in animals (80% of usage). It is not too many antibiotics, it is too many of the wrong antibiotics, and lack of adequate diagnosis…..
Most emerging diseases arise from cross-species transmission of viruses and bacteria, which are then transmitted from animals to humans. Live animal markets foster the spread and evolution of unstable viruses across animal species, leading to emerging disease and pandemics. We must recognize the danger and address transmission of animal pathogens across species, to prevent chronic disease and to prevent future pandemics. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/science/coronavirus-rats-vietnam.html
Influenza pandemics have ravaged society over centuries, as each new form of influenza-A bird flu evolved. Many influenza-A pandemics have occurred at or around the time of other disease outbreaks. The first pandemics in the age of microbiology were in 1889-1880 and 1898-1900. The pandemic of 1889-1880, referred to as the Russian or Asiatic flu, came in 3 waves, and is estimated to have killed more than a million people. Scientists attempted to identify the cause of the pandemics retrospectively,…..
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2013400?query=TOC
From the published genomic analysis, two types of coronavirus are circulating in the population—type S and type L. Type S is the older strain, and the dominant strain of coronavirus in Washington State and on the West Coast. Type L is newer and more transmissible strain; and is the dominant type of coronavirus in Italy, New York City, and Brazil. Researchers have not determined if the strain impacts severity and mortality, but have shown type L induces a higher viral…..
Experts have recognized that humans can transmit covid-19 to pets and other animals, but deny pets can pass covid-19 to humans. This article shows cats and ferrets can be amplifying hosts to covid-19, with the pathogen reproducing rapidly in the infected animal. Pets and animals do not transmit pathogens intentionally, but it is unreasonable to believe pets cannot pass pathogens to humans—spillover of pathogens from animals to people (zoonosis) is well documented. It is important to protect yourself, your children,…..
New York City has 600K+ dogs and 400K+ cats; and a zoo in Central Park. New York City playgrounds were found contaminated with toxocara (roundworm), which lives in the intestines of dogs and cats, particularly stray animals. Toxacara can infect the liver, lungs, brain, eyes, and central nervous system; and has been linked to a reduced IQ.Metropolitan areas in Brazil have a highly density of pets, including dogs, cats, birds, and monkeys; 50% of elementary school children and 60-80% of…..
The One Health Initiative encourages collaborative and communication between medical, veterinary, and climate scientists, to attain optimal health for people, animals, plants and our environment. Their web page is a wealth of relevant information on the origins of covid-19, pathogens transmitted between humans and animals, prior outbreaks of emerging pathogens, and the impact of climate change and deforestation in creating the emergence of new pathogens. The web page is well worth taking the time to explore. “Between animal and human…..