H-heilmannii is a serovar of H-pylori. Animal reservoirs for H-heilmanni include cats, dogs, cattle, pigs, and primates. Medicine questioned whether humans contract H-heilmanni; however, H-heilmanni has been found in gastric biopsies. H-heilmanni in humans demonstrates transmission from animals-to-people; H-heilmanni attacks in the same or a similar way as H-pylori; and both H-pylori and H-heilmanni can cause chronic disease in humans. When immortal animal pathogens are transmitted from animal-to-human, the pathogens often cause the same or similar diseases in both humans and animals.