Diabetics have less diversity in their microbiota, and increased inflammatory markers. Obesity has been strongly linked to the development of diabetes. Akkmanseria mucinphilia (a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium) is 3,000 times more common in thin mice, than in obese mice. Obese mice harvest more energy from food than thin mice; and when microbiotia from obese mice were transplanted into thin mice, the thin mice gained weight.
In a 2012 Dutch study, the microbiota from super-thin men was transplanted into obese men, and the obese men had an increase in the diversity of the microbiota, improvement in insulin sensitivity, and decreased inflammatory markers. In May 2019, a study of obese men given three months of A. mucinphilia showed improved insulin sensitivity, lowered cholesterol, lowered markers of liver dysfunction, and lowered markers of inflammation.
Mucin serves important functions, of lubrication, cell signaling, and forming a protective barrier. Studies showed A. mucinphilia improves the thickness of the natural mucin layer, reduces metabolic endotoxemia (LPS), improves the immune system, and improves the response to cancer immunotherapy. LPS results from the harmful bacteria and byproducts of the bacteria, which provide a focus for immune system activity; and cause inflammation, hepatic steatosis, hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance, and type-2 diabetes. The pathogens and toxins spread from the gut to the liver, the pancreas, and the general circulation, to cause chronic disease.
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