In 1890, William Russell found pleomorphic microbes (microbes which can change shape and size) wandering inside and outside of cancer. In 1910, Frances Peyton Rous discovered an infectious cause of cancer in chickens and was ridiculed by his peers. Dr. Rous’ discovery earned him a Nobel Prize fifty years later.  In 1983 Dr. Marshall discovered an infectious cause of ulcers and stomach cancer, and was criticized by peers. His discovery was acknowledged seventeen years later, and twenty-two years later he was awarded a Nobel Prize.  In 2007, Andrew Dannenberg, MD, Director of the Cancer Center at New York Presbyterian Hospital, said chronic infections cause up to one-fifth of all cancers. The incidence of cancer is expanding globally, and the medical system must abandon bias against infectious causes to discover the root causes of cancer.