Ophthalmology is a surgical specialty; thus, ophthalmologists are trained to perform surgery and other types of eye procedures. Ophthalmology includes as many as 11 sub-specialties (cornea and external disease, anterior segment, cataract & refractive surgery, vitreo-retina, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, ocular oncology, uveitis & immunology, pediatric/strabismus, oculoplastic & orbit surgery, and ophthalmic pathology). Other medical specialties have limited knowledge of ophthalmology; and ophthalmology has limited involvement with other medical specialties. Many scientific articles “associate” immortal infections and eye diseases. Ophthalmologists often…..
Chlamydia species and H-pylori have been linked to ocular surface disorders, glaucoma, and retinal disease. Chlamydia trachoma is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Chlamydia psittacosis can cause MALT lymphoma in the eye, Waldenstrom syndrome, and ocular melanoma. Toxoplasmosis has been linked to retinal disease and blinding. Many eye diseases are described as “itis”, meaning inflammation in a specific part of the eye, without understanding pathogens are capable of causing the inflammation and the disease or syndrome (more…..
The need for glasses to see distance (myopia) ordinarily manifests itself in elementary school, when a child reports problems seeing the board in the front of class. The refraction may continue to change as the child grows; however, once the child is fully grown the refraction should remain stable for decades. Some children may be hyperopic (hyperopia), in their early years, causing difficulty with convergence and drift in the eyes, and difficulty in learning to read. However, as the hyperopic…..
Myopia is the ability to see near but not far. Hyperopia is the ability to see far but not near. Astigmatism creates two focal points, which causes double or distorted vision. Glasses and contact lenses adjust the point at which images focus on the retina, to provide clear vision. Presbyopia is the need for reading glasses, which develops due to aging of zonules that hold the natural lens in place and adjust the position of the lens to see near…..
Dyslexia is a process that starts with confusing visual clues, which in time diminishes connections in areas of the brain used for decoding the written word and reading. In some cases, the areas in the brain used for reading may be rededicated to other tasks and skills, in which the child excels. By the time the child enters school and is identified as having a reading problem, it may be more difficult to help the child, because the brain may…..
The rate of dyslexia has been gradually increasing, in the U.S., without explanation. A reading disability can adversely affect self-esteem, have adverse social consequences, and cause the development of adaptive personality disorders. Some children with a reading disability excel in other areas and become successful adults; but the inability to read in early grades can also lead to bullying, failure in school, and the school-to-prison pipeline, as children act out to hide their inability to read, leading to suspensions, school…..
The most common reason for patients to see an eye care professional is to get a refraction (prescription) for glasses or contact lenses. The need for vision correction, with glasses or contact lenses, is NOT a disease or disability! Clear vision is determined by anatomy—the shape of the cornea, the clarity of the natural lens inside the eye, and the distance between the cornea and the retina. The cornea should be a smooth dome, and when the cornea has an…..
Famous impressionist painters suffered vision impairment and loss, which may have inspired the impressionist movement. Monet had well-documented vision problems. Degas lost central vision in one eye, in his thirties; and in the other eye in his fifties. Cassatt was diabetic, suffered from diabetic retinopathy and cataracts, and underwent multiple operations on her eyes. She reported her vision becoming dimmer, but continued to paint with oils using more vibrant colors. DuMaurier had retinal problems and was blind in his left…..
The eyes are the window to the soul: The eyes are also a window into health! The eye is a microcosm of what is happening inside the body, can predict and identify chronic disease, and can give clues to the pathogens involved in chronic disease. The vessels in the eye can predict cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease, before these diseases are diagnosed. The iris can potentially predict cancer, metastatic cancer, and the organs affected by cancer. During…..
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